Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for ADHD at Larkin

Diagnosis of ADHD

Medical experts use the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)1 guideline to diagnose ADHD appropriately. This diagnostic standard helps ensure that people are diagnosed and treated for ADHD.

DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD Diagnosis

People with ADHD display a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. ADHD often interferes with their normal functioning or development:

• Inattention
• Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
• Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms before 12 years of age.
• Numerous symptoms are present in two or more settings
• Clear evidence of symptoms interfering with or reducing the quality of social, school, or work activities.

Diagnosis of ADHD in Adults

The diagnosis of ADHD in adults involves a comprehensive evaluation, including a clinical interview, a medical history review, and symptom assessments.

The following steps are typically involved in the diagnosis of ADHD in adults:

• Clinical interview: A clinical interview with a mental health professional is typically the first step in diagnosing ADHD in adults. The interview will typically include questions about the individual's personal and medical history, symptoms, and any family history of ADHD.
• Medical history review: A review of the individual's medical history is essential in ruling out any medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms. For example, thyroid problems, sleep disorders, and anxiety disorders can cause symptoms similar to ADHD.
• Symptom assessment: The clinician may use rating scales and questionnaires to assess the individual's symptoms. These may include the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) or the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS).
• Rule out other mental health conditions: It is important to rule out other mental health conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms. For example, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder can cause symptoms similar to ADHD.
• Consultation with family members or close friends: Information from family members or close friends can help confirm the presence of symptoms and their impact on the individual's daily functioning.

Overall, diagnosing ADHD in adults involves a comprehensive evaluation of the individual's symptoms, medical history, and personal and family history. The clinician may also consider the individual's social, educational, and occupational functioning to determine the impact of the symptoms on their daily life.

Treatment of ADHD

The most common treatment for ADHD is a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Behavioral therapy is recommended for preschool-aged children (4-5 years of age) with ADHD. The first line of treatment is training for parents. This is recommended before starting any medication treatment. Treatment plans are usually individualized based on the severity of symptoms and the specific needs of the individual.

• Medication: Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD. These medications work by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which can improve attention, concentration, and impulse control. Non-stimulant medications are also available and can be used as an alternative or in combination with stimulants.
• Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals with ADHD develop coping strategies and improve their organization, time-management, and social skills. This therapy can also help reduce the negative behaviors associated with ADHD.
• Education and support: Education and support programs can help individuals with ADHD and their families better understand the disorder and learn strategies for managing symptoms. These programs can also provide a supportive environment for individuals to share their experiences and receive emotional support.
• Lifestyle changes: Making lifestyle changes, such as improving sleep habits, exercise routines, and diet, can also help manage ADHD symptoms.

It is important to note that not all individuals with ADHD will require medication, and behavioral therapy alone can be effective for some individuals. The treatment plan should be individualized based on the severity of symptoms and the specific needs of the individual.

Recovery from ADHD

Treatment of ADHD includes a calculated combination of behavioral therapy and medication. However, in addition to the following treatment, a child needs to have a healthy lifestyle to better manage living with ADHD daily.
Some healthy behaviors that may help with faster recovery and effective management of ADHD symptoms include but are not limited to:

• Developing healthy eating habits such as including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in their diet.
• Adding lean sources of protein
• Gradual participation in day-to-day physical activities based on age
• Restriction of screen time (TVs, computers, phones, and other electronics)
• Quality sleep time each night (based on age)

Why Choose Larkin?

Larkin Health System has specialized training and experienced providers who offer a collaborative approach to ADHD management. This may include consulting with other healthcare professionals, such as psychologists, psychiatrists, or educational specialists, to provide coordinated and comprehensive care.

• Symptoms and Causes